Most CIOs have been involved in a large IT project that did not live up to its promise. It may have gone significantly over budget, taken much longer than expected, caused much more disruption and problems than it should have, or, most commonly in projects gone wrong, not produced the benefits that everyone wanted. Many lessons have been learned along the way and many sets of rules, guidelines, and standards have been formulated to avoid these kinds of situations in the future. Yet they continue to recur with alarming regularity.